current affairs july2025

India’s coastline increased by ~48% (now 11,098 km) due to improved measurement techniques using GIS and satellite data—not due to land changes.
Coastline Paradox: More detail in measurement leads to longer reported coastline.
2025 NATO Summit held in The Hague, Netherlands—first time hosted by them.
- Key agendas: defense spending increase, support for Ukraine, defense innovation.
- 32 NATO members + Asian allies and EU participated.
Top 10 Strongest Currencies (2025):
- #1 Kuwaiti Dinar ($3.25 or ₹275.41)
- #10 US Dollar ($1 or ₹84.70)

Delhi vs. New Delhi:
- Delhi = Union Territory; New Delhi = Capital of India.
- Delhi has 11 districts; New Delhi is one of them.
- New Delhi formally established as capital in 1931.
Official Indian Languages: 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule, including Hindi, Tamil, Urdu, Sanskrit, and Bodo.

American Idol 2025 Winner: 🏆 Jamal Robert (Season 23) from Mississippi.
National Sports Policy 2025 Highlights:
- Focus on integration with education, economic development, social inclusion, global excellence.
- Prepares India for the 2036 Olympics bid.

Ganga River:
- Originates at Gangotri Glacier (Bhagirathi stream).
- Major confluences: Devprayag, Prayagraj, Farakka.
- Traverses 5 states; key tributaries include Yamuna, Kosi, Son, Damodar.
- Cultural landmarks and threats: pollution, climate change; conservation via Namami Gange.

UN Sustainable Development Index 2025:
- 📈 India ranks 99th (Score: 67.0)—first time in top 100.
- Top 3: Finland, Sweden, Denmark.
- Bottom 3: South Sudan, Central African Republic, Chad.

First indigenous Indian jet: HAL Marut
Popular jets in service: HAL Tejas, Sukhoi Su-30MKI, Mirage 2000, Rafale
Tejas top speed: ~1800 km/h; Su-30MKI range: ~5200 km

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